Methodological note. EIS: 3 Innovation activities

Innovation activities captures different aspects of innovation in the business sector and differentiates between three innovation dimensions:

3.1 Innovators

This dimension measures the share of SMEs that have introduced innovations on the market or within their organisations, covering both product and business process innovators. It includes two indicators:

3.1.1 SMEs introducing product innovations as % of SMEs

3.1.2 SMEs introducing business process innovations as % of SMEs

3.2 Linkages

This dimension measures innovation capabilities by looking at Collaboration efforts between innovating firms, Research collaboration between the private and public sector, and Job-to-job mobility of Human Resources in Science & Technology (HRST). It includes three indicators:

3.2.1 Innovative SMEs collaborating with others as % of SMEs

3.2.2 Public-private co-publications per million population

3.2.3 Job-to-job mobility of Human Resources in Science & Technology

3.3 Intellectual assets

This dimension captures different forms of Intellectual Property Rights generated by the innovation process and includes three indicators:

3.3.1 PCT patent applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)

3.3.2 Trademarks applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)

3.3.3 Design applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)