Methodological note. EIS: 1 Framework conditions

Framework conditions capture the main drivers of innovation performance and cover three innovation dimensions:

1.1 Human Resources

This dimension measures the availability of a high-skilled and educated workforce and includes three indicators:

1.1.1 New doctorate graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (‰ population aged 25-34)

1.1.2 Percentage population aged 25-34 having completed tertiary education

1.1.3 Percentage population aged 25-64 participating in lifelong learning

1.2 Attractive research systems

This dimension measures the international competitiveness of the science base and includes three indicators:

1.2.1 International scientific co-publications per million population

1.2.2 Scientific publications among the top 10% most cited publications worldwide as % of total scientific publications of the country

1.2.3 Foreign doctorate students as % of total doctorate holders of the country

1.3 Digitalisation

This dimension measures the level of digital technologies and includes two indicators:

1.3.1 High-speed internet access

1.3.2 Individuals who have above basic overall digital skills (% share)