Innovation activities capture the innovation efforts at the company level, covering three dimensions: innovators, linkages, and intellectual assets.

3.1 Innovators
This dimension measures the number of SMEs that have introduced innovations onto the market or within their organisation, covering both technological and non-technological innovations and the innovating in-house firms. It includes three indicators:
Innovation activities captures different aspects of innovation in the business sector and differentiates between three innovation dimensions:

3.1 Innovators
This dimension measures the share of SMEs that have introduced innovations on the market or within their organisations, covering both product and business process innovators. It includes two indicators:

• 3.1.1 SMEs introducing product innovations as % of SMEs
• 3.1.2 SMEs introducing business process innovations as % of SMEs

3.2 Linkages
This dimension measures innovation capabilities by looking at Collaboration efforts between innovating firms, Research collaboration between the private and public sector, and Job-to-job mobility of Human Resources in Science & Technology (HRST). It includes three indicators:

• 3.2.1 Innovative SMEs collaborating with others as % of SMEs
• 3.2.2 Public-private co-publications per million population
• 3.2.3 Job-to-job mobility of Human Resources in Science & Technology

3.3 Intellectual assets
This dimension captures different forms of Intellectual Property Rights generated by the innovation process and includes three indicators:

• 3.3.1 PCT patent applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)
• 3.3.2 Trademarks applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)
• 3.3.3 Design applications per billion GDP (in PPP euros)